News, articles & technical insights
Perspectives from the SCOPT team on communication systems engineering, our products and the industry.
The Hidden Weakness in Quantum Encryption: Pointing Error in QKD
Quantum key distribution is provably secure in theory — but beam misalignment (pointing error) can push the quantum bit error rate past its threshold and drive the secret key rate to zero. How pointing error degrades QKD, and what designers can do.
Read more →How Water Type Sets Your UOWC Range: Absorption, Scattering and Turbulence
Why identical underwater optical wireless (UOWC) hardware closes 40 m in clean ocean but only metres in harbour water — how absorption, scattering and turbulence combine, the blue-green window, SNR budgets by water type, and aperture averaging.
Read more →FSO Aerial Link Analysis: Turbulence, Attenuation and Pointing Error for HAPS and UAV Links
How aerial free-space optical links (ground-to-HAPS, UAV) are analysed — combining slant-path turbulence, layered attenuation and platform pointing error into BER, capacity, outage and link-budget predictions.
Read more →Underwater Optical Turbulence in UOWC: Why Temperature and Salinity Matter
Underwater optical turbulence explained for engineers: temperature-salinity microstructure, the oceanic spectrum, scintillation and beam wander, and how to model and mitigate it.
Read more →Atmospheric Optical Turbulence in FSO Links: Effects, Modelling and Mitigation
How atmospheric turbulence degrades FSO links — scintillation, beam wander, AOA fluctuation — plus the Cn2 parameter, fading models and mitigation like aperture averaging.
Read more →Free-Space Optics (FSO) Link Design: A Practical Guide for Engineers
How to design reliable FSO links: link budget, atmospheric attenuation, turbulence and scintillation, and the techniques that deliver carrier-grade availability.
Read more →Non-Terrestrial Networks and the Road to 6G: Optical Backhaul, Satellites and UAVs
How NTN extends 5G/6G via satellites, HAPS and UAVs — and why optical inter-satellite and feeder links are key to the capacity an integrated 6G network needs.
Read more →Optical Wireless Communication Explained: From VLC to Underwater Links
A clear engineering overview of optical wireless (OWC): VLC/LiFi, FSO, and underwater optical communication (UOWC) — channels, trade-offs, and where each one wins.
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